Tear-jerking, hot, spicy, smoky, sweet and sour and even herbaceous can all be descriptors of chilies and the distinctive aromas and flavors that they can impart to food. But if we're just talking heat, the Bhut Naga Jolokia, hailing from Northeastern India and also cultivated in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, is reputed to be the world's hottest chili -- and I've eaten it. In large amounts it's dangerously hot, but out of all the dried chilies I've cooked with, the Naga Jolokia is a staple in my spice drawer because it has a unique tang that's much more than just heat. There are hundreds of chilies to choose from, but I have my favorites, both dried and fresh.

Dried Ground Allepo Chile

Sun dried Allepo chiles come from Syria and have a rich, lightly smoky yet fruity flavor. They can be found in gourmet spice shops; I bought mine at Kalustyan's in New York City. Allepo can be added to any traditional beef stew recipe, but it pairs especially nicely with tomato-based soups, stews and chili. I just add a tablespoon to my beef cubes before coating them in flour and browning them in oil, or I sprinkle it over the ground meat before browning chili meat.

Fresh Serrano and Finger Chilies

Serrano chilies are grown in Mexico and California and can be found fresh in gourmet grocery stores. Use it much as you would a jalapeno; I like it in my guacamole. They're also great in marinades mixed with fresh cilantro, garlic, and olive oil.

Dried Arbol Chilies

Dried arbol chilies, primarily grown in Mexico and a cousin to the cayenne chile, can be found in Latin groceries stores. I love arbol with sweet oranges. The simple combination with a little olive oil can make for a killer sauce for sautéed shrimp. But this morning, I had a craving for a mall-style Orange Julius. I wanted to make a sweet drink for myself, but with less sugar, more nutrition, and a little extra kick. This one tasted like the real deal, but packed extra spice from arbol.

After the jump, get Jennifer's recipe for a Chile Spiked Orange Smoothie.

In the last few years, I've slowly incorporated hot peppers into my cooking. During my childhood any heat in our food came from the bottle of chile powder that my mother used only very rarely, so it's been a self-taught journey into the Scoville world. The jalapeño tends to be my pepper of choice (mostly because it's the one that's typically available at the produce market across the street from my building), but also because when you remove the ribs and seeds, it isn't too criminally hot.

Peppers can be dangerous to cut. I've often found myself with burning fingers hours after cooking, despite multiple handwashings (I've also rubbed my eyes with pepper laced fingers more than once, talk about pain). I don't use gloves mostly because it seems environmentally unsound to use and toss latex all the time (good thing I don't work in the medical field). Basically, I just suffer with the pain, because the taste is oh-so-good. A little hardship for a good meal is worth it.

photo by Marisa McClellan

This little meditation on the pain of peppers was spurred by Cookthink's weekly Root Source on serrano chiles. They've got a picture how-to on the best way to cut and seed a chile pepper, as well as side-by-side comparison of three popular varieties of chiles. Go forth and be spicy!

Weighing in at 1,001,304 Scoville heat units, the Bhut Jolokia chili from India has been named the world's hottest pepper by the Guinness Book of World Records. Just to put that into perspective, the jalapeno sits at a meager 10,000 SHU.

Early last year, the world's hottest pepper recorded was the Red Savina chili, which registered at 577,000 SHU, but in April that changed to the Dorset Naga which tested between 876,000 and 970,000 SHU. When it gets that hot, I don't really know that the number really makes much of a difference!

The Scoville scale, developed by Wilbur Scoville in 1912, was created to measure the heat level in chillies and is used world-wide today. To give you an idea where some of your favorite peppers sit on the list:

0 - Bell Pepper
100-500 - Pepperoncini
1000-1500 - Poblano
2500-10,000 - Jalapenos and Chipolte
5000-23,000 - Serrano
30,000-50,000 - Cayenne
80,000 & up - Habenero, Scotch Bonnet

(Thanks, Shaula!)
(edit: the photo credit link has been updated)