"cancer" news and stories

Scientists at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh say that they have developed a genetically modified chicken that lays cancer-fighting eggs. The eggs themselves don't fight cancer (although that does present an interesting mental picture), but they do contain a very high concentration of a potentially cancer-treating protein in their egg whites. This particular protein has been used to develop cancer antibodies before.

These eggs are still being studied, and the first "production line" is about five years away, by some estimates. A few other groups, including the US company AviGenics in Georgia and GeneWorks in Ann Arbor, Michigan, have also been working on developing on producing similar antibodies in egg protein, research which may help to speed the process up. Imagine the surge in popularity that the egg white omelet would have if they were to become commercially available!

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The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition published a report last month that suggested that people who eat a significant amounts of onions and garlic may have a lower risk of some types of cancers. The report analyzed eight studies that were based in Italy and Switzerland and found that the risks for mouth, kidney, colon, ovarian and throat cancers were much lower for adults who ate plenty of these two veggies. Benefits were generally attributed to those who ate seven or more servings of onions per week, with numbers suggesting that their cancer risks were less than half of the risk for those who rarely or never ate either vegetable. Some scientists have found that the sulfur compounds in garlic and the antioxidant flavonoids in onions seem to inhibit the growth of tumors. The results also support previous research done in China that show the same trend.

All this being said, one of the researchers behind a Italy study says that it is still possible that those who eat onion and garlic-heavy diets may just have healthier diets and lifestyle habits in general, and just about everyone involved still recommends maintaining a vegetable-heavy diet.

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If you want to believe the most recent food-causing-cancer study, you'll have to cross another thing off the list of foods that we aren't supposed to eat. A Swedish study has just linked sugar consumption to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. The study followed almost 80,000 people aged 45-83 for about 7 years and noted that those who added five or more servings of sugar to their food were "69 percent more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than those who never added sugar to their food or drink." Drinking multiple soft drinks and eating sweetened or stewed fruit increased the risk, too.

But like the study that linked bread to cancer, this is far from conclusive. The study found no evidence of increased risk from eating "sweets, marmalade, or jams," all of which are typically high in sugar. And other studies have linked diabetes and obesity to an increased risk on pancreatic cancer, both of which are not necessarily only linked to the consumption of sugary drinks. There was no mention of what the difference might be between the quality of sugar found in stewed fruit versus that found in jam.

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Every time we turn around it seems that there is some expert or some study telling us that another food is "bad" for us. And given a little more time, there will be another person saying that the food is, in fact, "good." Red meat -- a category that includes beef, pork and lamb -- has been subject to this time and again and it is getting difficult to keep track of all the things that it can -- and cannot -- do. Fortunately, an Independent columnist neatly summarized the benefits and risks of eating red meat.

Benefits

• High in zinc, which is important for a healthy immune system.
• Contains more iron than most foods, and it is more easily used by the body than iron from other sources
• Also a good source of other vitamins and minerals, including phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, selenium and b vitamins.
• Excellent source of complete proteins
• A high-protein diet based on lean red meat has been shown to help weight loss

Risks

• An increased risk of bowel cancer was found for people who ate more than two servings of red meat per week.
• The Mediterranean diet, which is low in red meat, has been shown to decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease
• Excessive amounts of red meat can lead to a higher risk of osteoporosis due to an acid byproduct from digesting very large amounts of protein.
• Eating red meat every day can double the risk of Arthritis
• Red meat is high in saturated fat and cholesterol
• A recent study found that rating more than one serving of red meat per day can double the risk of breast cancer, especially in young women.

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Some new research suggests that there may be a link between breast cancer and the amount of red meat women consume. Researchers said that having "one-and-a-half servings of red meat per day almost doubled the risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer compared to three or fewer per week." The conclusion was drawn from data from the Nurses' Health Study II, which was collected from 1989 to 2003, and where one portion of meat was defined as having a meat main dish (or major component of the name dish) at any meal, including in a sandwich, hamburger, hot dog or bacon.

There are a few reasons attributed to the increase in risk. First, some cancer-causing chemicals "such as heterocyclic amines" are created when red meat is cooked. Second, there may be a link with some of the growth hormones given to cattle. That being said, previous forays into this area have proven to be inconclusive, so even though there was a correlation it doesn't mean that anything is completely certain at this point.

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